Failure In An Air Compressor Engineering Essay

Failure In An Air Compressor Engineering Essay Abstract In this project, the mission which needs to be accomplished is to investigate the relentless root cause of such failure and to give useful recommendations which can help to avoid such failures in the reciprocating compressor under study in the future. An engine driven auxiliary air compressor failed, the air compressor is located in the Hawke workshop. The first stage will be to establish details about the compressor, the manufacturer and how the compressor works. Classification of compressors and types will be also discussed and of course the theory of operation. Collecting components failed in order to be examined subsequently for the failure cause or causes this will be held using a variety of methods. NDE (non-distractive examination) or NDT (non-destructive testing) is valuable way to use for preliminary inspection of the failed parts without damaging it. Discussion of the probable causes for the failure well be performed in the following chapters as well as the conclusion obtained from study conducted. Introduction This project will investigate and analysis a failure happened in an air compressor. This investigation will be done in several ways to figure out the cause of the failure. Air compressor is a machine has the ability to compress the air and release it to convert the electrical power to kinetic energy to use it in several industrials and usages. Air compressor is consisting of many components. These components are electrical motor, pistons, air pump, air receiver, air drier, filters, air pressure regulator and pressure switch. All of these components will be discussed in details in the next chapters. There are also types of air compressor will be discussed later. Background The case which had here is a failure in an air compressor. From the first sight on the damage happened in it, it seems to be that the failure happened in the connecting rod and its obvious from the below figure number 1. This figure shows that the failure happened in the connecting rod from the ring part which connected to a crank shaft. But the reason for this failure is unknown as there are several scenarios could be adopted. The first scenario is the fatigue is the reason for this failure. The second scenario is a very heavy pressure loaded to the compressor which led to that failure. These are the most expected scenarios which will be investigated later in this project to figure out the reason of the failure. C:UsersAzizDocumentsreportsgreenwichMOHAMMADAir_CompIMG_0471.JPG Figure 1: Failure of compressor connecting rod Amis and objectives Aims: The main aim of this graduation project is to investigate and discover the cause or the causes of failure of diesel engine driven auxiliary reciprocating air compressor made by Knorr-Bremse, model number is LP 4865. This will be achieved by carrying out the below objectives, once its achieved, the main aim of the project will be achieved. Project objectives: Collecting valuable information about, model number is LP 4, this will include: design of compressor, design of each part, construction materials of each part, operation principles, working theory, production range..etc. collecting data will help to recognize main failure cause, and accordingly to prepare new procedure to eliminate the problem, to decrease the opportunity of failure occurrence in the future, use greater safety factor and to recognize the person or the entity responsible for failure and to make mistake proofing for future avoidance of the failure. Collecting this background information is not limited to numbers only but it is should be extended to everything such as pictures, charts and graphs and samples. Investigating operational parameters, history of operation, nature of operation..etc in order to be able to determine precisely the root cause of such failure and which failure mode it follows. Physical investigation or macroscopic inspection should be carried out. This mission includes photo capturing, code of the product, model number, lot number, batch number and serial number. Perform compressor disassembly in order to dismantle each component, part, assemblies and sub-assemblies to perform through investigation and inspection of each. Its should be mentioned that necessary tests and analyses should be performed; mainly the manufacturer usually has his own procedures and tests for test and inspection. Air Compressor What is the air compressor? Air compressor is a machine that converts electric power to kinetic energy (motion). This energy comes from pressurizing and compressing air. After that, the compressed air goes into a chamber, and the air kept in the chamber by unidirectional valve. There are many types of compressors these types are: reciprocating compressor, rotary screw compressor and centrifugal compressor. These types will be explained in details below. Reciprocating compressor: Reciprocating air compressor is positive displacement compressor. This compressor sucks a volume of air and presses it with high pressure. This pressure done by using a piston and cylinder as movement part and displacement part. The compressor could be single acting or double acting according to its accomplish by using one side or both side. When the pressure difference between the cylinder and the receiver became proper, the valves open. Inlet valves open when the pressure in the cylinder is slightly below the intake pressure. Discharge valves open when the pressure in the cylinder is slightly above the discharge pressure. The compressor could be a single stage when the compression process done parallel. Rotary screw compressor: Also Rotary air compressor is a positive displacement compressor. Single stage helical or spiral lobe oil flooded screw is the most common in rotary air compressor. This compressor is consisting of 2 rotors located in a case where the air is compressed internally without any valves. The cooling for these compressors done by oil. As the cooling for the working parts happened inside the compressor, this type of compressor will not experience over heat due to operation, so it could operate without stop. Due to the simple design of the rotary screw compressor and its parts it can be maintained easily and installed any where could handle its static weight. The 2 stages rotary air compressor uses 2 rotors with a combined air end. This 2 rotors installed in series to share the compression. This raise up the efficiency with 50%. This 2 stage rotary compressor combined the maximum profit from the rotary screw with its simplicity and flexibility and the reciprocating compressor with its effect ive energy when it works 2 stages with double acting. The 2 stages of this compressor could be cooled by water, air or oil. The cooling system for this compressor could be oil, air and water. Centrifugal compressor: The centrifugal air compressor is a dynamic compressor that depends on transfer of energy from a rotating impeller to the air. This done by changing the airs momentum and pressure. By slowing the air in stationary diffuser the momentum converted to pressure. This compressor is oil free compressor. There is a separation between the lubricated oil and air by shaft seals and atmospheric vents. Where the high volume of dry air is required a centrifugal compressor is the proper compressor as it has a few moving parts and could operate continuously. The reciprocating air compressor (knorr-bremse, model lp 4865) The main study object in this project as said before is to study the reciprocating air compressor (knorr-bremse lp 4865). By searching the internet and try to get information about the air compressor which needed to complete this study but unfortunately the required information couldnt be found. So the general information about the reciprocating air compressor will be mentioned instead of the specific air compressor. There are 9 main parts for the reciprocating air compressor these parts are: Crank case: Crank case is a close rigid body where the crank shaft and the bearing house where located. This body could by rectangular or square shape. Mainly crank case formed by using cast iron. Crank Shaft: Crank shaft in one of the most important parts in air compressor. It is a motion transferor. It designed as one piece has balance in its dynamics and tries to avoid any twisting. To ensure a long life for bearings, the polishing and crank pin will be done. Generally crank shafts have a fly wheel. This crank shaft manufactured mainly of high grade S.G iron. Connecting rod: This part is responsible of transfer the motion from the crank shaft to the piston and changing the direction from the rotating motion come from the crank shaft into reciprocating motion in piston. This part is mainly forged of alloy steel. Bearings: Bearings are made to provide the rotating gear with rigidity. Its mainly manufactured of copper lead alloy. Cross slide: to get a perfect running for cross head, this part is responsible for reduce the inertia. This part is commonly manufactured of high grade S.G. iron. Cylinder: This part is where the air flow passes and compressed. Cylinders are manufactured with water jacket to reduce the generated heat from the compression process. This cylinder mainly made of cast iron. Pistons: Piston is the main part in the compression process, which move forward to compress the air and backward to intake a new air amount to compress. There are 2 types of piston according to its lubrication system, the first type is non-lubricated which made from aluminium alloy, and the second type which is lubricated is made from cast iron. Due to moving of piston in the cylinder, so there must a space exist between them, to ensure there is no leak happened for air a piston rings located on piston. Piston rod: Piston rod is this rod which connects the piston to the connecting rod. The piston rod is manufactured of alloy steel. Intake and discharge valves: These valves are responsible for the amount of air sucked or discharged. When the piston in the retraction position the suction valve open to allow the air to get in. when the piston move forward and reach the maximum pressure the discharge valve open. These 2 valves are adjusted to be opened and closed according to the pressure difference between inside the cylinder and the outside. These valves are made from stainless steel even a plate type or spring type. Problem Analysis The first problem in this study is that damage which happened in the connecting rod from ring which connected with crack shaft. As said in the background, there are 2 scenarios leads to this damage. The first scenario is a fatigue accrues in the connecting rod with lead to this damage as it couldnt stand the motion and the pressure any more. The second scenario is an excessive pressure more than the maximum pressure which could be hold by the compressor. At the same time a malfunction in the discharge happened, and this could be taken in consider as it must opened at slightly below the maximum pressure. In both scenarios, the damage in the connecting rod lead to another greater damage in the piston and the cylinder, as the piston start to move in non-liner motion and hitting the cylinder wall. This leads to a serious damage in the compressors piston and cylinder. The second problem is gathering the information about the air compressor Knorr-Bremse Lp 4865. This problem happened as the manufactured company keep the information about this compressor not listed and its material and properties to figure out the reason of the damage, maybe by knowing its maximum pressure or material type to check the fatigue on it. Problem Solution To overcome the second problem a deeply internet search is made with trying to contact with the manufactured company through their website www.knorr-bremse.com, but with no result. So another technique implemented, which is gathering common information about reciprocating air compressor and its common parts and materials. This could be useful but not accoutre.

Uma Sekaran’s Chapter 2 Review

The chapter 2 of Research Methods of Business by Uma Sekaran speaks of scientific investigation detailing on the eight hallmarks of science and the limitations of scientific research in management along with the hypothetico-deductive method of research. The hallmarks or main distinguishing characteristics of scientific research can be the following 1. Purposiveness: The research should have a purposive focus i. e. some definite purpose will be served after the research 2. Rigor: Rigor means carefulness, scrupulousness and the degree of exactitude in research investigations good theoretical base and a sound methodological design will add rigor to a purposive study. 3. Testability: if a certain hypothesis gets developed through unstructured interview or library search, then the hypothesis can be tested by applying certain statistical tests to the data collected for the purpose.. 4. Replicability: The results of the test of hypotheses should be supported again and again when same type of research is repeated in other similar circumstances. The researchers will gain confidence in the scientific nature of the research. 5. Precision and confidence: Precision refers to closeness of the findings to â€Å"reality† based on a sample. It reflects the degree of accuracy or exactitude of the results on the basis of the sample to what it really exists in the universe. Confidence refers to the probability that the estimations are correct. 6. Objectivity: The conclusions drawn through the interpretation of the results of data analysis should be objective i. e. they should be based on facts of the findings of the actual data. The more objective the interpretation of data , the more scientific the research investigation becomes. 7. Generalizability: This refers to the scope of applicability of the research findings in one organizational setting to other settings. The wider the range of applicability of the solutions generated by research, the ore useful the research is to the users. 8. Parsimony: Simplicity in explaining the phenomenon or the problem that occur and in generating solutions for the problems is always preferred to complex research frameworks. In the management and behavioral areas , it is not possible to conduct investigations that are 100% scientific because of measurement and collection of data in the subjective areas like feelings, emotions, attitudes and perceptions. These problems occur whenever one tries to quantify human behavior. Thus , the eight hallmarks of science cannot be achieved in full . The deduction and induction processes are explained as follows Deduction: it is the process of arriving at a reasoned conclusion by logical generalization of a known fact. Induction is the process where a certain phenomenon is observed and then a conclusion is arrived at. The seven step processes in hypothetico-deductive method are 1. Observation: It is the very first stage in which one senses that certain changes are occurring or some new behaviors , attitudes and feelings are surfacing. When the observed phenomenon are seen to have potentially important consequences , then one will proceed to preliminary information gathering. 2. Preliminary information gathering: Preliminary information gathering involves seeking of information in depth of what is observed. Through interviews and library search , the mass of information can be gathered. . Theory formulation: It is a step which attempts to integrate all information in a logical manner so that the factors responsible for the problem can be conceptualized and tested. The theoretical framework formulated is often guided by experience and intuition. Here the critical variables are examined as to their contribution or influence in explaining why the problem occurs and how it can be solved. 4. Hypothesizi ng: From the theorized network of associations among the variables, certain testable hypotheses or educated conjectures can be generated. The hypothesis thus generated is tested to determine of the statement is supported. 5. Further scientific data collection- After the development of the hypothesis, data with respect to each variable in the hypothesis need to be obtained. 6. Data analysis- The data gathered are statistically analyzed to see if the hypotheses that were generated have been supported. 7. Deduction – It is a process of arriving at conclusions by interpreting the meaning of the results of the data analysis.

Most Influential Books on Leadership Essay

Leadership is an issue which has been in the limelight in every aspect of human governance. Human development has been linked with management and directions which are part of leadership. Various characteristics of leadership have therefore been identified from various areas in life. This paper aims at identifying three different types of books on leadership which are recognized to be the most influential. The first choice is the book â€Å"Talent Is Never Enough: Discover the Choices That Will Take You beyond Your Talent† by John C. Maxwell . The author holds that talent is never enough in leadership. There are many different people in the whole world , thus showing that talent will never end. Nevertheless if acquiring that talent were just enough for everybody, then we would all be at a higher level and being full of potentials. There are therefore other things that need to be included in our talents so as to be able to discover those opportunities especially when it comes to business. People need to come up with other discoveries which would take them more steps beyond the talents they have. In businesses today, most leaders mostly concentrate more on the talents they have alone. The writer of this book, who in this case is a known expert in leadership – John C. Maxwell – argues that this is not the right way to achieving success. In his discourse, he describes how highly talented people who are globally known would be very successful if talent was the only contingency for that matter . That is not however the case. The book goes on to place more emphasis and support the writer’s decision by highlighting the fact that society is full of people who could have been great men and women if only they used other ideas apart from what they call talent. The author talks of prominent people like Jefferson, Nameth, Churchill, Bono, Oprah, and Dickens whom, apart from their talents, went steps ahead to the next level of increasing their talents and maximizing it to improve the world. They employed more efforts to what they discovered as their talent to capture other opportunities in life. That is why they are the talk of the world. According to Max, talent should therefore be present. It should however be followed by other measures that improve it. With different examples given of those people who maximized their talents, there are a few who did not. The author thus goes ahead to encourage the reader to support the author’s views and improve their lives by giving thirteen key choices one can adopt to become a person with advanced and maximized talent (Maxwell J. C(2009). The second selection of the most influential leadership books that I would recommend is â€Å"The Skinny of the Art of Persuasion† by Jim Randel. In leadership, persuasion is one of the most important skills that a leader should posses. This book provides sound and detailed information on persuasion in leadership. Moreover, it offers other important recommendations on persuasion from various prominent leaders. The book advices on persuasion thanks to the fact that the author is an attorney besides being well experienced in the field. Further, apart from his experience Randel quotes people like Kevin Hogan, James Speakman, Dave Lakhani, Dale Carnegie, Robert Cialdini, Tom Hopkins, Malcolm Gladwell, and others in his discussion on persuasion in leadership. This approach puts more emphasis on the author’s concept. He states that persuasion basically involves integrity. To add to his topic, Randell gives his personal life stories regarding leadership which still bothers him till then. To understand and get acquainted with what he is insinuating, his book finalizes with tips which are easy to understand about a good persuader in leadership (Alegre M. 2010). The third influential book on leadership is John Ferling’s new book on â€Å"The Ascent of George Washington. † It talks about the relationship between leadership and education. It is very important -especially in the current world – to link leadership with the educational backgrounds of those aspiring to be leaders in future. George Washington was an educated man in leadership. He had focus in his politics due to the great boost from his education. This is an ideal model of how leaders should learn to lead others. The author in this book goes ahead to reveal Washington as a political genius due to the fact that he was politically focused, ambitious, and was driven to succeed. Although described by the author as the most untactful and indecisive in times of crises, Washington was the only right person to lead Americans to independence. His character, boldness, judgment, industriousness, determination, and skillful political thinking were remarkable. It is a book that explains how one does not need to be perfect to achieve greatness (Alegre M. 010). Therefore, these books cover some of the most important aspects of leadership which most people fail to identify while leading others. Since most of us are leaders in one way or another, it is equally important to consider reviewing such influential leadership books to acquire various tips of leadership and also – as stated by Maxwell – to improve our talents in leadership. This strategy will not only boost our leadership qualities, but will also enable us to identify new opportunities in life and be able to pursue only the best of them.

Flanery Oconner Good Country People - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2531 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/09/26 Category Literature Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? In A Good Man Is Hard To Find, OConnor introduces the reader to a family representative of the old and new Southern culture. The grandmother represents the old South by the way in which she focuses on her appearnace, manners, and gentile ladylike behavior. OConnor writes her collars and cuffs were organdy trimmed with lace and at her neckline she had pinned a purple spray of cloth violets containing a sachet. In case of an accident, anyone seeing her dead on the highway would know at once that she was a lady(OConnor 118). In this short story, the wild diproportion of the terms, the vapid composure that summons up the ultimate violence only to treat it as a rare social opportuinty, and the cool irony with which OConnor presents the sentence makes it both fearful and ludicrous(Asals 132). The irony that OConnor uses points out the appalling characteristics of the grandmothers self-deception that her clothes make her a lady and turns it into a comic matter. Flannery OConnor g oes to great length to give the reader insight into the characters by describing their clothes and attitudes. The fact that the grandmother took so much time in preparing herself for the trip exemplifies the old Southern tradition of self-presentation and self-pride. The grandmother takes pride in the way she presents herself because she wants everyone to know that she is a lady. Baileys, the grandsons, family represents that of the new Southern culture that is more open to change, but they are not totally receptive to change. OConnor describes the childrens mother in contrast to the grandmother by what they are wearing; thus their clothes represent the age from which they are. The Childrens mother still had on slacks and still had her head tied up in a green kerchief, but the grandmother had on navy blue straw sailor hat with a bunch of white dot in the print(OConnor 118). The childrens mother is representative of the New South in which the Southern Lady is becoming less of a central figure within society. A lady of the old south would never wear slacks and tie her hair up in a kerchief to go out in public. Under an old south mentality these actions would be considered very unlady like. OConnor illustrates the tension between the old and the new south by the constant struggle between the grandmother, her son, and the daughter-in-law. OConnor also poses the contrast between the old and new South in her short story Good Country People. Mrs. Hopewell and Mrs. Freeman represent the old South because of the way in which they carry themselves and their traditional beliefs and values. Mrs. Freeman works for Mrs. Hopewell who states the reason for her keepin her so long was that they were not trash. They were good country people(OConnor 272). Mrs. Hopewell describes Mrs. Freeman and her two daughters as two of the finest girls she knew and Mrs. Freeman was a lady and that she was never ashamed to take her anywhere or introduce her to anybody they might me tt(OConnor 272). In contrast to Mrs. Freeman and Mrs. Hopewell, Joy/Hulga represents the new south that is not concerned with self presentation in the way that the grandmother is in A Good Man Is Hard TO Find. Joy/Hulga did not care to participate in the morning gossip between the older ladies. OConnor describes Joy/Hulgas disregard for the old south and its sense of manners: When Hulga stumped into the Kitchen in the morning (she could walk without making the awful noise but she made itMrs. Hopewell was certainbecause it was ugly-sounding), she glanced at them and did not speak. Mrs. Hopewell would be in her red kimono with her hair tied around her head in rags. (275) OConnor juxtaposes Joy/Hulga to her mother, Mrs. Hopewell, by contrasting her mannerism, clothes, and overall demure. Joy/Hulga is described as making awful noises in contrast to her mother whom is sitting in her red kimono across the kitchen from her. Mrs. Hopewells name is symbolic of her very hopeful and opti mistic nature. Joys changing her name to Hulga represents her renouncing of the old Southern traditions imposed by her mother. Joy/Hulga does not conform to the social codes of the old south because she deliberately makes grotesque and unlady like noise and does not apologize for them. Joy/Hulga is forced by her physical disabilities to live at home, the girls existence has become one continuous of outraged rejection of the life around her(Asals, 103). Joy/Hulga is also set apart from the old south because she has obtained a PH. D. in philosophy. OConnor writes Mrs. Hopewell thought it was nice for girls to go to school to have a good time but Joy had gone through. The girl had taken the Ph. D. in philosophy and this left Mrs. Hopewell at a complete loss. You could say, My daughter is a nurse, or My daughter is a schoolteacher, or even, My daughter is a chemical engineer. You could not say, My daughter is a philosopher. (276) Mrs. Hopewell feels that it is unlady like to pursue an education that far, but Joy/Hulga disregards this old southern sexist attitude about women and education. Joy/Hulga thinks she has defined a self that is the antithesis of her mothers(Asals 104). Education and mannerisms of the old and new south are not the only contrasting views that Flannery OConnor explores in these two short stories. Christianity and fallen human nature are two other aspects that bring depth and ironic twists to A Good Man Is Hard To Find and Good Country People. In both stories, OConnor explores the ideals and hypocrisies of the Christian religion and faith. Within OConnors writings, the traditional Christian themes of fall and redemption, nature and grace, sin and innocence are explored (Bleikasten 138). In A Good Man Is Hard To Find, OConnor questions the faith and beliefs in Christianity of the grandmother. At the closing of the story, when the grandmother is facing her own death, the Misfit says: Jesus was the only One that ever raised the dead a nd he shouldnt have done it. He thrown everything off balance. If He did what He said, then its nothing for you to do but throw away everything and follow Him, and if He didnt, then its nothing for you to do but enjoy the few minutes you got left the best way you canby killing somebody or burning down his house or doing some other meanness to him. OConnor 132) The Misfits view illustrates the active presence of an Evil force within the society. The grandmother assumed that if you came from good people that you would naturally be a good person. In contrast to this view of the old south, OConnor presents the reader with a world haunted by the sacreda sacred with two faces now distinct and opposed, now enigmatically confused: the divine and the demonic, and in her fables the battleground where these two antagonistic powers confront each other and fight for possession of each mans soul(Bleikasten 139). The grandmother represents the active and faithful Christian servant, and the Misf it is symbolic of the devil or an Anti-Christ figure. Despite all of the good deeds that the grandmother has accomplished, God is not there to help her in her time of need. The old southern and traditional secular view was that good deeds would lead to a good life, but OConnor recognizes that there is also an active force of Evil and presence of the Devil in this world. OConnors antisecular and antiindividualistic views are also present in her short story Good Country People. Within this short story, the reader is presented with two differing views of religion: the devout Christian and the atheist. The devout Christians, Mrs. Hopewell and Mrs. Freeman, represents the old south as does the grandmother in A Good Man Is Hard To Find. OConnor criticizes the old southern Christian for being faithful and trustful in A Good Man Is Hard To Find, yet the reader the does not quite know what to make of the ending in Good Country People. The story ends with the atheist being decieved by one who pretends to be a Christian. OConnor could be presenting the reader with the view that one is not able to really tell the difference between good country people and Christian or liars and cheats. Good Country People can be read as exploiting the idea that one is not able to tell the difference between Christians and non-Christians based on their appearance and actions. The old south puts their trust and hopes into appearances, while the new south is more reluctant and cautious. This is not to say that they cannot be decieved because the reader sees what happens to Joy/Hulga in the end. Joy/Hulga is an atheist who dismisses all Christian beliefs by saying in my economy Im saved and you are damned but I told you I didnt believe in God(OConnor 286). She compares her realization to the Christian salvation by saying we are all damned but some of us have taken off our blindfolds and see that theres nothing to see. Its a kind of salvation(OConnor 288). Joy/Hulga believes that sh e is saved from the hypocrisies of the Christian faith, and she represents the new south because she is open to different interpretations. She feels that she as been saved from Christianity, but OConnor raises the question: is she really saved at all? Joy/Hulga sets off to seduce Pointer, the Bible salesman, and she imagined that she took his remorse in hand and changes it into a deeper understanding of life(OConnor 284). Ironically, it is Pointer that teaches Joy/Hulga the lesson that needs to be learned. He turns on her and steals her wooden leg. In a fit of rage Joy/Hulga bursts out Youre a Christian! Youre a fine Christian! Youre just like them allsay one thing and do another. (OConnor 290). Joy/Hulga is not able to tell the difference between him and Mrs. Hopewell and Mrs. Freeman. She feels that by setting herself apart from Christianity she is saved from its pitfalls and hypocrisies. In reality, she is not saved from it at all. Pointer returns her comment saying I hope y ou dont think that I believe in that crap! I may sell Bibles but I know which end is up and I wasnt born yesterday and I know where I am going! (OConnor 290). OConnor presents the reader with a critique of religion and Christianity in both of her stories. Joy/Hulga beleives that all Christians are the same, but OConnor points out that there are all types. Pointer pretends to be a Christian in order to prey off of their needs and insecurities. Joy/Hulga is taken in by his charming and trustworthy persona, but she is unable to see his false motives. Good Country People points out that people do not always prove to be who they portray. The reader is left doubtful and questions the idea of naturally good people and questions value of the Christian faith. While critizing the Christian faith and practices, OConnor also raises the issue of fallen human nature. The Misfit in A Good Man Is Hard To Find and Pointer in Good Country People both represent a character of fallen human natur e. OConnor explores the idea of fallen human nature. The Misfit comes from a good family, and he states God never made a finer woman than my mother and my daddys heart was pure gold(OConnor 127). OConnor questions how someone from such a good family can turn out to be so evil? Fallen human nature is one explanation posited. The Misfit retorts the grandmothers argument that he is a good man saying, Nome, I aint a good man but I aint the worst in the world neither(OConnor 128). He has the self-realization that he is not a good person. He does not know where it is that he went wrong, but he states, I never was a bad boy that I remember of but somewhere along the line I done something wrong and got sent to the penitentiary. I was buried alive(OConnor 130). The Misfit admits that he was once good, but he is unable to determine the source of his fallen human nature. OConnor presents us with another character in Good Country People of fallen human nature. Pointer does not argue tha t he was once good; instead, he tells Hulga, you aint so smart. I been believing in nothing ever since I was born! (OConnor 291). Pointers character illustrates that one can be born with a fallen human nature, or he is made that way by society from the time he is born. In contrast to the Misfits fallen human nature that comes about when he is older, Pointer began falling the day he was born. The idea of fallen human nature is contrasting to the ideas of the old south. Good country people were assumed to always be good, and the old south also thought bad people were born that way. OConnor posited the idea that the society in which one lives can influence a person to change. The Misfit was raised by nice folks, and the old south would have assumed that he would be nice. The grandmother repeatedly argues that I know you came from nice people! (OConnor 132). Bailey, the grandmothers son, realizes the situation that they are in, and he knows that the Misfit is not a nice person. In Go od Country People, Pointer portrays himself as a good country person, and he states, Im as good as you any day in the week(OConnor 290). Pointer dismisses the old souths view that there are good people in this world, and he argues that he is not a bad person. OConnor explicitly explores the themes of Christian theology through Pointer and the Misfit in A Good Man Is Hard To Find and Good Country People. In addition, she presents the reader with the differing generations of the old and new south, and she illustrates the ontrasting views between the two. OConnor is not afraid to question Christian theology or the Southern culture. Her irony and satire add depth to ther stories, and her deep cultural analysis of the South brings a higher level to her writings. OConnor also explores the concept of fallen human nature and how it is brought about. Overall, OConnors works prove to be very in depth in both her social and cultural analysis of the South. She is not afraid to critique the soci ety in which she grew up and lived. Bibliography Asals, Frederick. Flannery OConnor: The Imagination of Extremity. Athens, Georgia: The University of Georgia Press, 1982. Bleikstan, Andre. The Heresy of Flannery OConnor. Critical Essays on Flannery OConnor. Ed. Melvin J. Friedman and Beverly Lyon Clark. Boston: G. K. Hall Co. , 1985. Friedman, Melvin J. Introduction. Critical Essays on Flannery OConnor. Ed. Melvin J. Friedman and Beverly Lyon Clark. Boston: G. K. Hall Co. , 1985. OConnor, Flannery. The Complete Stories of Flannery OConnor. New York: The Noonday Press, 1971. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Flanery Oconner Good Country People" essay for you Create order

Rhetorical Devices Used in Queen Elizabeths Speech

Through her speech, Queen Elizabeth inspired her people to fight for the country of England against the Spaniards. Queen Elizabeth persuaded the English troops to defend their country with rhetoric devices such as diction, imagery, and sentence structure to raise their morale and gain loyalty as a woman in power. Queen Elizabeth skillfully used diction throughout her speech to motivate the troops. In the speech, Queen Elizabeth used the word â€Å"we† four times to underscore her feeling of unity between her and her country. She conveyed her care about the welfare of everyone in the country. This inspired the soldiers to remain patriotic and want to fight for their nation. In addition, the queen refered to the soldiers as â€Å"noble† and†¦show more content†¦The whole phrase justified that she is, in fact, a strong leader, both politically and militaristically regardless of her being a woman. This phrase would help the queen gain respect from the soldiers who may not have respected her high position before because of her gender. In the same sentence, Queen Elizabeth uses a hyperbole to describe how much she cared for her country of England. She said, â€Å"I myself will take up arms†. She, of course, had no intent to physically engage in the war along wit h the troops, but she was trying to depict the image of herself to the soldiers saying that she was willing to do anything for the sake of England. This convinced the troops that they should do the same. The queen’s excellent use of imagery instilled respect for herself from the troops and inspired them to go to war. Queen Elizabeth expertly used sentence structure to instill confidence in the troops to fight the Spaniards and gain trust. In the speech, the queen used parallel structure to compare herself to a king, or man in power. She said that she has the body of a weak and feeble woman, but a strong heart of a king. The usage of parallel structure brought to light that even though she may not be physically able, she still cared about the well being of her people just as a king would. She conveyed the message that the people’s respect towards her should be no different than that directed towards a king. In addition, Queen ElizabethShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between Winston Churchill And Queen Elizabeths Speech914 Words   |  4 PagesQueen Elizabeth and Winston Churchill are both famously known in history but also for their speeches given. Queen Elizabeth was taxed with the task of rallying British commoners, many of them untrained farmers, to battle the Spanish Armada as they closed in on the coast of England in 1588. In 1940, three days into his new appointment as Prime Minister, Winston Churchill faced the daunting task of unifying the country during Britain’s involvement in World War II. Both figures had different audiencesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnets : The Greatest Of All Love Poems1465 Words   |  6 Pagesin the late 1500s and early 1600s, during the beginning of Renaissance and in a period known as the Elizabethan Age. The ascension of Queen Elizabeth to the throne in 1558 and her spiritual influence after a century of Protestant Reformation created great religious upheaval in the English society. Religion became an important part of society due to Queen Elizabeth’s mandatory Church of England attendance regulations. Catholicism was not a crime, however, it was illegal to hold or attend a mass. ToRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream1760 Words   |  8 Pagesfascistic use of charm, Oberon’s abili ty to use incantations to unsettle Theseus’ early wish for perfect harmony (1.1.11-15) and control wild forces such as nature, other fairies and mankind, foregrounds the play’s action. Modeled after the power of speech-acts (utterances considered as actions, particularly in terms of its intention, purpose or effect), the theatrical use of charm I propose here predominantly resides in the vocal chords of a dictator (Oberon); that is, it can control, decisively affect

Comparison Between England And Pakistan - 2000 Words

I think these few sentences give a great contrast between England and Pakistan. In england like America, our ‘gender roles’ are much more fluid and grey like our society. It’s expected that a man should cook for his wife so that she doesn’t have to work and come home to cook, and also expected for the women to do the same. Not only that but also grocery shopping itself, must have been a culture shock for them. It mentions later on in the book that they were a poor family, and while they probably were able to buy some foods it wouldn’t compare to the alleys of boxed and canned foods that have become part of our culture. Things like the super market, we’ve grown to not really think about what our lives would be like without it, while they had to grow accustomed to it. While my previous statement was about how different their nation is from Western civilization, it is with these few words I’ve come to think otherwise. That is not to say that they are not different, but they also have some similarities that we may not think of. Just as people in our culture love to go out with a crumpled twenty into the streams of stores, fondling the paper as they decide where to spend it, people in Swat may not be so different. It’s just not a shopping center now, but a bazaar. But once again it is still different and once again so similar. Malala talks about how her father would come to her mother for advice, and be looked on as weak. At first glance, this seems odd. 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Worldwide Employee Engagement Crisis †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Worldwide Employee Engagement Crisis. Answer: Introduction Every day, the corporate business life involves decision-making based on the evidences that in turn allows the organization to move forward and make further decisions. Company identification is a very important component of a business strategy. On one hand, the economic systems are dynamic and the situation of the company is likely to change rapidly. Hence, the superiors of the company must continuously adapt themselves with the latest or new conditions and adjust their behavior accordingly (Wilton, 2016). On the other hand, a manager or the actors of the systems cannot be sure about the chosen solution that whether it will be the best one or the worst. This report aims to produce open discussion among the pupil by providing them a realistic illustration of the corporate world. The best strategy to minimize the employee turnover is to hire the candidates who fit well into the organization and firing the ones who do not. Ensure that the hiring process is right and hire the right candidates for the position in the organization. Sell the position to the candidates by appealing to why they are suitable for the culture. Quarry deep and make sure that the top candidate who fit in the terms of competencies, behavior, capacities, values and emotional intelligence. There are times when no matter what you do to motivate and promote the employees, they do not just fit into the organization and are bad for the culture, hence creating culture debt (Carnahan, Kryscynski Olson, 2017). Those workers do harm more harm than good by contaminating the well of the company. So, cut them loose. Process of Onboarding and Recruitment Onboarding is also called organizational socialization. It refers to the contraption through which the new hired candidates gain the skills, knowledge and behaviors that are necessary to become an effective organizational members. Enlightening the new employees about the opportunities that exists in the organization by reinforcing them and their reasons behind choosing the organization, educating them regarding the potential career scopes that are available, impassioning them by challenging them in productive ways, recognize their efforts and reward them for their result would encourage them greatly. Recruitment planning: Draft an inclusive job specification for the available vacant position. Outline the skills, qualifications and experiences that is needed, the major and minor responsibilities of the position (Carter, 2015). Mention the level of pay, the starting day and whether it is for temporary or permanent position. In addition to these, mention the additional information such as the special conditions, if any. Strategy development: The strategic considerations that are to be considered includes the issues such as- the type of recruitment techniques that are to be used, whether to hire the candidates from outside or prepare them themselves, the source of recruitment that is to be practiced, what geographical area is to be considered in order to search the candidates (Dandaro, Silve Carvalho, 2017) and the sequence of activities that are to be followed for recruiting the candidates in the company. Searching: The nest is the process of searching. It involves attracting the job seekers to the company. There are mainly two sources that are used in order to attract the candidates. They are- External and internal. Screening: According to some other views, screening is the starting point of a selection but in this section, it is considered as an essential and fundamental part of recruitment. The reason behind it is the fact that the selection process gets started only after the job applications have been both screened and shortlisted (Korte, 2013). The processes that are used in screening vary largely depending on the method used for the recruitment and the source of supply. They include de-selection tests, preliminary applications and screening interviews. Evaluation and Control: The evaluation and control of the recruitment process are imperative (Breaugh, 2017). The costs that are usually incurred in the recruitment process involves salary of the recruiters, administrative expenses, the cost of the time that is spent in preparing advertisement and job analysis, the cost of outsourcing at the time when vacancies remain unfilled, and the cost that is experienced in recruiting the unsuitable candidates. Process of On-boarding: Start the on-boarding before hiring: It is true that a successful on-barding starts before a candidate is hired. As on-boarding is the process of integrating a new candidate into the company culture, hence it is easy to see that the exposure to the company starts with the recruitment process itself (Brewster Hegewisch, 2017). Ensure that the recruiting strategies are aligned with the company culture. Or else, a negative impression may linger and will ultimately lead to the retention issues at some or the other point. Optimize Orientation: Optimizing orientation is an important next step. Planning for the employees first day signifies that the company is sincere in his successful transition. Handle the orientation process consisting education about the company and policies right before the first day of the employment. Train with a clear purpose: training of the new candidate should start immediately and it should also be an outgoing structured process. The initial training includes confirming and clarifying the new candidates regarding the company. After that, it must cover the things such as companys best practices, organizational programs, goal-setting sessions, instructions on how to use the provide resources and technologies and practice-based learning (Aswathappa, 2013). It helps the candidates to focus on making the best use of the opportunities that are provided by the organization. Coach for culture: The aim of the coach must be to help the new employee in understanding the organizational culture. It must involve regular check-ins in their first few months of employment because a new employee would not find issues on day one itself. This supporting and nurturing environment in the company takes much of the stress of the transitions out of the equation. This ultimately leads to improvement in the employee outcomes. Build a better network: It is the final piece of the process of onboarding. This process involves helping the new candidate in making the connection he needs in order to succeed the long-term with the company. The social integration with the other employees is very important for success. So, encourage a new hire to build a high-quality relationships with the leader and the other team members. An employee who feels himself to be a part of the community is less likely to leave the organization down the road. Investing an appropriate time after structuring an onboarding process and recruitment process and integrating new candidates into the company culture by the above processes will give a positive ROI (Return On Investment) in terms of engagement and retention of the employee. Process of orientation training The term Orientation means providing the new hire with basic information regarding the employer. Orientation and the training programs are the key components in developing a flexible and committed high-potential workforce at the workplace. It socializes the new employees. In addition to that, these training programs also save the employers money and provide the organization with big returns because an organization, which invests money in order to train its employees, results in enjoying the dividends by both the employees and the organization (Farmer et al., 2017). The various processes of Orientation training program include showing new candidates how to perform their work effectively, efficiently and safely. It is the perfect time to start soft skills training and to introduce the new employees to the company culture, its products, goals, competitors and policies. Adding these to ones new employee checklist will greatly improve the employee retention and worker satisfaction. This n return will increase both personal and professional growth as well. Thus, this helps the organization in achieving its long-term goals. Performance management is a process by which the employees and the managers work together to plan and review the employees work objectives and his overall contribution in the organization. It is a continues process of planning and setting goals and objectives, providing on-going coaching and feedback and assessing progress of the employee in order to ensure that the employees are meeting the objectives and their career goals (Shields et al., 2015). Updating Job description will help a lot. It clearly explains the job seekers about the companys expectations from them (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). The job description must include the company goals, the employees responsibilities and it must be continuously updated in order to reflect the current condition and the future possibilities. An efficient job description has the potential to serve as a very helpful tool for the valuable employees who wants to carve a great career path in that organization (Ates et al., 2013). Encourage training a nd development in the company. It will help the employees to perform at higher level. In addition, cultivating a coaching environment creates a positive impact on the employee morale (Booth, 2015). Employees really value the benefits provided to them more than others do. The various benefits that a company can provide to its employees include health care benefit, retirement benefit, workplace flexibility, wellness program, Pay raise, Maternity or Paternity leave, Hazard pay, Work breaks and meal breaks, severance pay, vacation leave, paid holidays, worker compensation, unemployment benefits, paid overtime and tuition reimbursement. Discipline is the bridge between goals and accomplishment. A company adopts many discipline policies in order to address and identify employee and the employment related problems. It is the process of training an employee so that he can develop self-control and become more efficient and effective in his work. The main objective of discipline policies is to develop a spirit of tolerance among the employees and a desire to make adjustments. There is no perfect approach for handling employee discipline. Some employers adopt zero tolerance policies, as they are more interested in eliminating the employee after identifying the problem. There are also other employers who seeks to assist the employees who experience the workplace problems and tailor the existing discipline policy. However, there are few steps for a progressive discipline policy. They include verbal caution, verbal warning, written warning, suspension, termination, decision-making leave. Complaints policy including company obligations and employee rights It is the duty of the employer to ensure that all his employees receive certain basic rights of employment. The rights include fair compensation, right to privacy, and freedom from discrimination (Repa, 2014). To pay the employee wages and the other necessary payments those are to be made. To give the workers, weekly rest day, leaves and holidays To respect the employee human dignity To provide the employees with the necessary materials and implements for their performance at the work To cover the total cost of medical test of the employee whenever required (Tekleab, Orvis Taylor, 2013) To perform his task that is specified in the contract of employment. To handle all the instruments and tools that are entrusted to him for working with due care To give all the proper aid when an imminent danger or accident takes place in his working place without risking his health and safety. To come to work in fit physical and mental condition To follow the instructions that are specified in the contract of employment Methods to gauge employee morale Managing employee morale and maintain the same is one of the most important functions of an effective HR and the most difficult of them is measuring the morale. A natural place to begin the measurement of the employee morale is churn rate. A high level of staff turnovers is a strong indicator of morale related issues in a particular team. It is also very essential to look a little deeper and sincerely into that data (Ivey, Blanc Mantler, 2015). Other than this, an employee attitude survey or feedbacks allow the employer to monitor the morale at a higher level. In addition to that, employee morale is frequently visible in the level of engagement he have within the business (Shea et al., 2014). If the morale is high, the employees will care about the effectiveness and the future of the company and when the morale is low, it will lead to apathy. By aligning the people with business objectives, the employer can ensure that the investment that they have made in their development reflects and is targeted to the strategic direction of the company and this process needs to be an ongoing commitment. The very first step in the aligning of the people is to analyze the corporate business objectives such as- which role is going to be the most important for the business growth? What are the positions that are vital now? What are the aims of the organization that are to be achieved in the next 5 to 10 years? The next is establishing the key competencies that are required in order to tackle these roles (Mann Harter, 2016). Conduct a talent audit of the existing talents. Examine the existing workforce in the company. This will help in determining the skill gaps that are to be filled in order to achieve better alignment and then fill those gaps. A successful team could be built by establishing a leadership, building relationships with the employees, fostering teamwork, planning ground rules for the team, appreciating the efforts of the employees, and rewarding them for the same. How to build ownership by introducing accountability for employees Accountability is one of the most important features of a workplace. When the employees take the responsibility of their own work, they feel entitled by their process of decision-making and engage within the organization. Identically, when the team leaders or the supportive employers gets to hold their respective team accountable for what they do, the output is a committed team upon which the leaders can completely rely. The employees experience greater level of satisfaction with their work in a high accountability environments and with the same, they also undergo higher level of job strain (Guilding, Lamminmaki McManus, 2014). This makes them feel like an owner as they are taking the ownership of their decision and accepting the outcomes of their actions at the time of high stakes. References Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Aswathappa, K. (2013).Human resource management: Text and cases. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Ates, A., Garengo, P., Cocca, P., Bititci, U. (2013). The development of SME managerial practice for effective performance management.Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,20(1), 28-54. Booth, S. A. (2015).Crisis management strategy: Competition and change in modern enterprises.Routledge. Breaugh, J. A. (2017). to Recruitment.The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of Recruitment, Selection and Employee Retention, 12. Brewster, C., Hegewisch, A. (Eds.). (2017).Policy and Practice in European Human Resource Management: The Price Waterhouse Cranfield Survey. Taylor Francis. Carnahan, S., Kryscynski, D., Olson, D. (2017). When does corporate social responsibility reduce employee turnover? Evidence from attorneys before and after 9/11.Academy of Management Journal,60(5), 1932-1962. Carter, T. (2015). Hire right: the first time: how to improve your recruitment onboarding process.Journal of Property Management,80(3), 26-30. Dandaro, F., Silva, A. C., Carvalho, D. O. D. (2017). Human Resources: The Process of Recruitment and Selection in Small Businesses.Weber Business Management. Farmer, E., Van Rooij, J., Riemersma, J., Jorna, P. (2017).Handbook of simulator-based training. Routledge. Guilding, C., Lamminmaki, D., McManus, L. (2014). Staff turnover costs: In search of accountability.International Journal of Hospitality Management,36, 231-243. Ivey, G. W., Blanc, J. R. S., Mantler, J. (2015). An assessment of the overlap between morale and work engagement in a nonoperational military sample.Journal of occupational health psychology,20(3), 338. Korte, R. (2013). A brief introduction to: organizational learning, performance, change. Mann, A., Harter, J. (2016). The worldwide employee engagement crisis.Gallup Business Journal,7. Repa, B. K. (2014).Your rights in the workplace. Nolo. Shea, C. M., Jacobs, S. R., Esserman, D. A., Bruce, K., Weiner, B. J. (2014). Organizational readiness for implementing change: a psychometric assessment of a new measure.Implementation Science,9(1), 7. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., ... Plimmer, G. (2015).Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Tekleab, A. G., Orvis, K. A., Taylor, M. S. (2013). Deleterious consequences of change in newcomers employer-based psychological contract obligations.Journal of Business and Psychology,28(3), 361-374. Wilton, N. (2016).An introduction to human resource management. Sage.